For the first time in history, a Chinese president
has visited Central America, a former bastion of Taiwanese support and
a region that the United States has long considered its backyard.
During
Hu Jintao's visit to Costa Rica on Monday, the two nations agreed to
begin negotiations on a free-trade agreement and work together to
expand Costa Rica's national oil refinery.
China
will also open a center here to spread Chinese language and culture,
and the China Development Bank will offer $40 million in credit to the
cash-strapped Banco Nacional.
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| Hu's Your Daddy: Chinese expats enthusiastically greet President Hu Jintao at the Juan Santamaría International Airport this week. |
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Hu
spent about 24 hours in Costa Rica with his wife, Liu Yongqing, and a
delegation of about 110 people, including government officials,
journalists and advisers. Separately, about 100 Chinese businessmen
visited this week to meet with their Tico counterparts.
China
is ready to intensify its contacts with Costa Rica's government,
Congress and political parties, Hu said at a press conference Monday.
Hu's
visit here, followed immediately by trips to Cuba and Peru, highlights
China's growing influence in Latin America, where the U.S. has been
largely politically absent.
In
courting Latin America, China appears to be seeking raw materials, new
export markets and diplomatic support from the region's 12 countries
that still back Taiwan.
China's
gifts to Costa Rica are a reward for President Oscar Arias' decision in
June 2007 to recognize China and end a 63-year relationship with
Taiwan, according to a secret memo that a Costa Rican high court
recently made public.
During Hu's
visit, China agreed to free up additional funds for a national soccer
stadium in La Sabana Park, on the western edge of San José. China will
invest $83 million in the stadium, to be built over the next two years
by the Chinese firm Anhui Foreign Economic Construction Group.
Also
this week, China National Petroleum Corporation agreed to help Costa
Rica expand its national refinery in Moín on the Caribbean coast. The
expansion, set to more than double the refinery's capacity, could take
up to five years and cost $1 billion, to be divided between the two
nations, said José León Desanti, president of Costa Rica's National Oil
Refinery.
After the United States,
China is Costa Rica's second most important trading partner, and
commercial ties are set to strenghten over the next few years.
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| Testing the Waters:
A Costa Rican port worker, left, leads potential Chinese investors on a
tour of Caldera Port, on the central Pacific, earlier this year. China
is Costa Rica's second most important trading partner after the United
States. |
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Trade
officials will hold the first round of talks on a free-trade agreement
Jan. 19 in San José, and negotiations will likely finish by early 2010,
said Foreign Trade Minister Marco Vinicio Ruiz.
China
is also donating 320 square meters of space to Costa Rica at the next
World Expo, an international fair scheduled in Shanghai from May
through October 2010.
Some companies are ahead of
the game. Florida Bebidas, a subsidiary of Florida Ice & Farm,
signed an agreement with the Chinese distributor Powersun on Monday to
sell fruit juice and Imperial beer to Chinese consumers. Florida
Bebidas will also distribute the Chinese beer Tsingtao here.
Trade
with China has grown dramatically over the last five years. In 2002,
just 0.64 percent of Costa Rica's exports went to China, compared to 9
percent in 2007. Ruiz said he expects exports to China to grow 11
percent under a free-trade agreement.
China
is also seeking to strengthen cultural ties with Costa Rica through a
new Confucius Institute, set to open soon at the University of Costa
Rica (UCR). The center, funded jointly by the two nations, will offer
Mandarin classes to students, teachers and the general public.
Costa
Rica will be the eighth country in Latin America to have a Confucius
Institute, joining Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Cuba and
Mexico.
China's generosity has
impressed Costa Ricans and filled some of a niche once occupied by the
United States. When asked in July to name Costa Rica's best friend, 25
percent of Ticos said China, while 29 percent named the United States.
Two decades ago, 58 percent of Ticos considered Uncle Same the best,
said Carlos Denton, president of CID-Gallup.
The
U.S. is disengaged, Denton said. That's why Costa Ricans aren't as
conscious of the U.S. as a friend as they were 25 years ago.
In
the early 1980s, the U.S. pumped millions of dollars into Costa Rica's
Central Bank to prop up the country's teetering economy. But the USAID
mission in Costa Rica closed in 1996, and last year the Washinton,
D.C., gave Costa Rica just $7 million in direct aid.
The clasped hands have disappeared from Costa Rica, Denton said, referring to the USAID emblem.
The
United States is still Costa Rica's No. 1 destination for exports and
the top source of tourists. And next month, Costa Rica is expected to
join the Central American Free-Trade Agreement with the United States
(CAFTA).
Still, as Costa Rica
diversifies its exports, commercial ties with the North American giant
have become less important. In 2002, half of Costa Rican exports went
to the U.S., compared to 35.2 percent in 2007.
While
China's ambitions in the region have raised eyebrows in Washington,
U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica Peter Cianchette seems unfazed. Stronger
ties to China, he said, do not detract from Costa Rica's relationship
with the United States.
- Tico Times